Psyche logos

10 Interpersonal Aggression 357 Interpersonal Aggression To live without killing is a thought which could electrify the world, if men were only capable of staying awake long enough to let the idea soak in. —Henry Miller Untuk hidup tanpa pembunuhan adalah pikiran yang bisa menggemparkan dunia, jika laki-laki hanya mampu tetap terjaga cukup lama untuk membiarkan ide merendam masuk -Henry Miller Pada tanggal 2 Oktober 2002, sekitar pukul 6:00 PM, James D. Martin berdiri di tempat parkir sebuah toko kelontong Wheaton, Maryland. Dia ada di sana untuk membeli bahan makanan untuk gerejanya. Entah dari mana datang celah senapan dan beberapa saat kemudian Martin terbaring sekarat di tanah di tempat parkir. Hanya beberapa jam kemudian di 07:40 Amon 3 Oktober 2003, James Buchanan ditembak mati dengan cara yang sama ketika ia sedang memotong rumput di sebuah dealer mobil di White Flint, Maryland. Jadi mulai penembakan yang akan mengklaim kehidupan lebih tujuh korb...

Whoever destroys a single life is as guilty as though he had destroyed the entire world; and whoever rescues a single life earns as much merit as though he had rescued the entire world. —The Talmud Siapapun yang menghancurkan kehidupan tunggal sebagai bersalah seolah-olah dia telah menghancurkan seluruh dunia, dan barangsiapa menyelamatkan kehidupan tunggal menghasilkan sebanyak pahala seolah-olah dia telah menyelamatkan seluruh dunia. -The Talmud   When Irene Gut Opdyke was growing up in Poland during the 1930s, she could never have imagined the fate that the future had in store for her. Irene was born in a small village in Poland on May 5, 1922. Early in her life she decided to enter a profession that involved helping others, so she enrolled in nursing school. However, Irene had to flee her home when the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939. Irene eventually joined a Polish underground unit but was beaten and raped by a group of Russian soldiers who found...

Interpersonal Aggression To live without killing is a thought which could electrify the world, if men were only capable of staying awake long enough to let the idea soak in. —Henry Miller On October 2, 2002, at around 6:00 P.M., James D. Martin was standing in the parking lot of a Wheaton, Maryland, grocery store. He was there to buy groceries for his church. From out of nowhere came the crack of a rifle and moments later Martin lay dying on the ground in the parking lot. Just a few hours later at 7:40 A.M.on October 3, 2003, James Buchanan was gunned down in the same way while he was cutting the grass at an automobile dealership in White Flint, Maryland. So began a shooting spree that would claim the lives of seven more unsuspecting victims and seriously wound several others. The only connection between the victims was that they were victims of the “Beltway Sniper.” The victims were seemingly chosen at random. For 3 weeks the Beltway Sniper terrorized residents of Maryland...

  8 Group Processes Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world: indeed it ’ s the only thing that ever has! —Margaret Mead The mission was supposed to be the crown jewel of the American space program. The Challengermission was supposed to show how safe space travel had become by sending along Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, who would become the fi rst civilian in space. She was supposed to teach a 15-minute class from space. The Challenger mission was supposed to be a success just like the 55 previous U.S. space flights. But, what wasn’t supposed to happen actually did: Fifty-eight seconds into the flight, the trouble started; a puff of smoke could be seen coming from one of the solid rocket boosters. About 73 seconds into the flight, Challenger exploded in a huge fi reball that spread debris over several miles. The crew cockpit plummeted back to earth and hit the Atlantic Ocean, killing all seven astr...

7 * Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will find more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion. —C. P. Snow The jury had been impanelled to hear the case State v. Leroy Reed. Reed, a paroled felon, had been arrested for possessing a gun. Karl, a firefi ghter, sat in the jury box, carefully listening and watching. The prosecuting attorney argued that the defendant should be found guilty of violating his parole, despite any sympathy jurors might feel for him. The defense attorney argued that even though Reed had bought a gun, he should not be found guilty.

6 Persuasion and Attitude Change  185 Chicago, 1924: Jacob Franks, a wealthy businessman, answered the telephone and listened as a young but cultivated voice told him that his 14-year-old son, Bobby, had been kidnapped and could be ransomed for $10,000. The next morning, while Mr. Franks arranged for the ransom, he was notifi ed that the nude and bloody body of his son had been found in a culvert on Chicago’s South Side. Franks was sure that the boy in the morgue was not Bobby, because the kidnappers had assured him that this was simply a business proposition. He sent his brother to the morgue to clear up the misidentifi cation. Unfortunately, the body was that of his son; his head had been split open by a blow from a blunt instrument.

The ultimate determinant in the struggle now going on for the world will not be bombs and rockets but a test of wills and ideas—a trial of spiritual resolve: the values we hold, the beliefs we cherish and the ideals to which we are dedicated. —Ronald Reagan Ida Tarbell is not a name most of us recognize. A history of American women doesn’t give her even a single line (Hymowitz & Weissman, 1984). Yet, she was at the center of American life for the fi rst three decades of the 20th century. Teddy Roosevelt hurled the mocking epithet “muckraker” at her. It was a label she eventually wore proudly, for she, perhaps more than anyone else, told the American people about the corruption, conspiracies, strong-arm tactics, and enormous greed that went into “business as usual” at the turn of the century (Fleming, 1986).

Prejudice and Discrimination If we were to wake up some morning and find that everyone was the same race, creed and color, we would find some other cause for prejudice by noon. —George Aiken The seeds for confl ict and prejudice were planted somewhere in the hills of Palmyra, New York, in 1830. There a young man named Joseph Smith, Jr., received a vision from the angel Moroni. Centuries before, Moroni, as a priest of the Nephites, wrote the history of his religion on a set of golden plates and buried them in the hills of Palmyra. When Moroni appeared to Smith, he revealed the location of the plates and gave him the ability to transcribe the ancient writings into English. This translated text became the Book of Mormon, the cornerstone of the Mormon religion. The Book of Mormoncontained many discrepancies from the Bible. For example, it suggested that God and Jesus Christ were made of fl esh and bone.

Social Perception: Understanding Other People Nobody outside of a baby carriage or a judge ’s chamber believes in an unprejudiced point of view. —Lillian Helman In July 1988, the U.S. guided missile frigate Vincenneswas on patrol in the Persian Gulf. A state-of-the-art ship carrying the most sophisticated radar and guidance systems, the Vincennesbecame embroiled in a skirmish with some small Iranian naval patrol boats. During the skirmish, Captain Will Rogers III received word from the radar room that an unidentified  aircraft was heading toward the ship. The intruder was on a descending path, the radar operators reported, and appeared to be hostile. It did not respond to the ship’s IFF (identify friend or foe) transmissions, nor were further attempts to raise it on the radio successful. Captain Rogers, after requesting permission from his superior, ordered the firing of surface-to-air missiles; the missiles hit and destroyed the plane. The plane was not an Iranian...

  The Social Self Though I am not naturally honest, I am so sometimes by chance. —William Shakespeare James Carroll is a best-selling author, novelist, and journalist. He comes from a remarkable family whose members played important, sometimes decisive roles in the events of the late 20th century. Carroll’s life illustrates how the interlocking infl uences of birth, family life, education, and historical forces all infl uence the development of one’s sense of self. Carroll’s father was the most important infl uence in his life. His father’s dream was to be a priest, and James lived that dream for his father. He was the altar boy who became the priest and the college chaplain. Carroll loved his life as a priest. Soon, however, Carroll’s life changed in ways that were unexpected and traumatic. These events created a breach between son and father, a breach only partially closed before the father died.

Social Psychology  Third Edition Kenneth S. Bordens  Indiana University—Purdue University Fort Wayne   Irwin A. Horowitz -  Oregon State University When we set out to write the first edition of Social Psychology, our goal was to provide teachers and students with a book that covered the important research and theoretical areas in social psychology in a concise fashion. In the second edition, we strayed a bit from that original goal but succeeded in writing a solid, research-based text for the introductory social psychology course. In this third edition, we have returned to our original goal and have streamlined the book, while maintaining its scientific integrity. Social psychology has become a diverse field, and any attempt to present a totally comprehensive overview of all of its content area would be difficult to execute in a single volume or course. Instead, we take the approach of presenting students with information concerning three questions: ...

Social Psychology Third Edition   LESSON - 6 Understanding  Social Behavior 1.1. pengantar Kehidupan manusia, pada kenyataannya, dihubungkan oleh ribuan benang tak terlihat. Tempat-tempat yang orang hidup, situasi mereka memenuhi semua terus menerus dan konsisten membentuk mereka serta mendapatkan dibentuk oleh mereka. Situasi individu bertemu menciptakan baik jumlah kemungkinan baginya untuk berperilaku. Psikologi sosial adalah cabang khusus dalam psikologi yang ilmiah mencoba untuk memahami bagaimana orang mempengaruhi serta mendapat dipengaruhi oleh satu sama lain. Ini adalah tubuh sistematis pengetahuan berfokus pada pemikiran, pengaruh sosial sosial dan hubungan sosial. Sebuah tema dasar dari psikologi sosial adalah untuk menemukan bagaimana situasi sosial menyebabkan orang yang sangat berbeda untuk bertindak sangat mirip. Serta bagaimana orang-orang yang sangat mirip bertindak sangat berbeda. Psikologi sosial adalah disiplin ilmu. Hal ini sangat berkomitme...

Prosocial Behavior and Altruism Whoever destroys a single life is as guilty as though he had destroyed the entire world; and whoever rescues a single life earns as much merit as though he had rescued the entire world. —The Talmud When Irene Gut Opdyke was growing up in Poland during the 1930s, she could never have imagined the fate that the future had in store for her. Irene was born in a small village in Poland on May 5, 1922. Early in her life she decided to enter a profession that involved helping others, so she enrolled in nursing school. However, Irene had to flee her home when the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939. Irene eventually joined a Polish underground unit but was beaten and raped by a group of Russian soldiers who found her group in the woods. Next, Irene decided to try to fi nd her family and began making her way back home. She was captured in a church by the Germans and forced to work in a munitions plant. The work was physically demanding, and one day ...

7 * Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will find more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion. —C. P. Snow The jury had been impanelled to hear the case State v. Leroy Reed. Reed, a paroled felon, had been arrested for possessing a gun. Karl, a firefi ghter, sat in the jury box, carefully listening and watching. The prosecuting attorney argued that the defendant should be found guilty of violating his parole, despite any sympathy jurors might feel for him. The defense attorney argued that even though Reed had bought a gun, he should not be found guilty.