Psyche logos

Agama dan Pengampunan Bahasa Dari:  BUKU TENTANG PSIKOLOGI AGAMA DAN SPIRITUALITAS --- RAYMONDF. PALOUTZIAN Crystall. PARK (hal.394-411) 22 Religion and Forgiveness MICHAEL E. McCullough Giacomo BONO LINDSEY M. ROOT Konsep pengampunan ( Forgiveness ) telah pergi dari ketidakjelasan ilmiah lengkap baru-baru ini tahun 1980 hingga visibilitas yang luar biasa dalam beberapa tahun pertama abad ke-21. Ledakan dalam penelitian forgiveness (pengampunan) dapat dihargai dengan memeriksa Gambar 22.1, di mana kita telah ditampilkan jumlah tahunan item katalog di PsycINFO yang mencakup batang kata "forgiv *" dalam abstrak mereka (1980-2004). Angka ini jelas menunjukkan bahwa sementara forgiveness /pengampunan adalah konsep psikologis yang mendapat perhatian empiris diabaikan pada 1980-an, ilmuwan sosial telah memproduksi puluhan publikasi pada topik per tahun selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Psikolog telah memberikan perhatian berkelanju...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park.  (p.235-252) *************************************************************************** 13 Emotion and Religion ROBERTA. EMMONS Given the rapid growth in the psychology of religion (Emmons & Paloutzian, 2003) and the psychology of emotion (Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 2000) in recent years, one would expect to see considerable scholarship directed toward the interface of these two fields. While a literature search using the PsychINFO database for the period 1988–2002 returned 2,875 citations for the termreligionand 5,116 for the termemotion, a scant five citations include both terms! The range of emotional phenomena is vast, and I cannot attempt to do justice to this vastness within a single chapter. Because of the recent emergence of the scientific study of positive emotions, I will emphasize the role of religion in the generation and regulation...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park.  (p.177-195) *************************************************************************** 10 Religion’s Role in Marriage and Parenting in Daily Life and during Family Crises ANNETTE MAHONEY NALINITA RAKESHWAR In a 1995 Gallup poll of U.S. families, 65% of mothers and 57% of fathers said that religion was “extremely” or “very” important in their lives (Mahoney et al., 1999). About 90% of the U.S. population desire religious training for their children (Gallup & Castelli, 1989) and 55% of married individuals (Heaton & Pratt, 1990) attend religious services at least several times a year. Thus, a vast audience in the United States is presumably receptive to messages that can be drawn from religion about family relationships. In turn, empirical studies from past decades indicate that religion is an important factor linked to marital and parental func...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park.  (p.21-42) *************************************************************************** 9 Points of Connection: Gerontology and the Psychology of Religion SUSAN H. MC FADDEN In a footnote to the first chapter of The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James pronounced old age “the religious age par excellence” (1902/1961, pp. 28–29). When he wrote that at the beginning of the 20th century, the average life expectancy in the United States was 47 years and persons 65 and older represented about 3.1% of the U.S. population. By 2030, demographers expect that 70 million people in the United States—about 20% of the total population—will be 65 and older (Administration on Aging, 2003). This “longevity revolution” represents an unprecedented change in the age structure of human societies and has significant implications for the practice and the study of ...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park.  (p.21-42) *************************************************************************** Religiousness and Spirituality BRIAN J. ZINNBAUER KENNETH I. PARGAMENT Religiousness and spirituality have been a part of human experience throughout the length and breadth of human history. Crossing every category of human endeavor, they have been the subject and object of art, music, poetry, culture, warfare, inspiration, aspiration, sacrifice, morality, devotion, contemplation, conflict, and multitudes of other human activities. For the past 100 years these phenomena have been examined though the lens of social science. Early inquiries within the field of psychology were undertaken byscholars such as William James (1902/1961), Edwin Starbuck (1899), G. Stanley Hall (1904, 1917), and George Coe (1900). And despite a lull in such research during the mid-20th cen...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park.  (p.274-291) *************************************************************************** 15 Agama, Sikap, dan Perilaku Sosial MICHAEL J. Donahue MICHAEL E. NIELSEN Bagi banyak orang, topik ini merupakan pusat penelitian ilmu sosial agama. Sudahlah mana agama berasal, bagaimana mengembangkan, atau bahkan bagaimana mengukurnya, apakah itu "bekerja"? Apakah orang-orang religius "lebih baik" daripada yang lain? Bab ini membahas temuan tentang hubungan antara religiusitas dan berbagai sikap dan perilaku interpersonal: prasangka, altruisme dan perilaku prososial, kejujuran, seksualitas, hubungan keluarga, kejahatan dan kenakalan, dan politik dan perdamaian. PSIKOLOGI. . . APA?

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park. (p.216-234) *************************************************************************** 12 Cognitive Approaches to Religion Elizabeth Weiss Ozorak In the lead essay for the 2001 issue of theAnnual Review of Psychology, Albert Bandura noted that a paradigm shift has occurred in the field in the past few decades. Psychology no longer views human behavior only as a set of predetermined responses to environment, or as the output of a complexly programmed computer; instead, people are recognized as agents capable of performing intentional acts with a view toward achieving goals that are congruent with a particular set of beliefs. In this view, belief systems are pivotal, as they provide people with a working model of the world that helps them make behavioral choices. Under this paradigm, research on all aspects of cognition has flourished and a number of intri...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park. (p.315-330) *************************************************************************** 17 Perjuangan Keagamaan dan Spiritual JULIE JUOLA Exline EPHRAIM ROSE Setiap dimensi inti eksistensi manusia memiliki kekuatan untuk menghasilkan baik suka dan duka, dan sisi spiritual dari kehidupan tidak terkecuali. Agama dan spiritualitas menyediakan sumber ampuh kenyamanan, arah, dan makna bagi banyak orang, tetapi mereka juga bisa menjadi sumber ketegangan dan perjuangan. Individu kadang-kadang merasa marah terhadap Allah, atau mereka merasa terampuni oleh Allah. Mereka menderita sakit dari sesama orang percaya atau saksi kemunafikan di antara para pemimpin mereka. Mereka berusaha untuk mengembangkan kebajikan sesuai dengan keyakinan mereka, tetapi kadang-kadang sistem kepercayaan yang sama mendorong mereka untuk mengutuk diri mereka sendiri ...

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality / edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park. (p.315-330) *************************************************************************** 17 Religious and Spiritual Struggles JULIE JUOLA EXLINE EPHRAIM ROSE Any core dimension of human existence has the power to yield both joy and sorrow, and the spiritual side of life is no exception. Religion and spirituality provide potent sources of comfort, direction, and meaning for many people, but they can also be sources of strain and struggle. Individuals sometimes feel angry toward God, or they feel unforgiven by God. They suffer hurts from fellow believers or witness hypocrisy among their leaders. They strive to cultivate virtue in accordance with their beliefs, but sometimes these same belief systems prompt them to condemn themselves when they fall short. Some believers see themselves as victims of supernatural attack. The idea of religious and spiritual strain...

HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY--- RAYMONDF. PALOUTZIAN CRYSTALL. PARK (p.21-42) ************************************************************ Religiousness and Spirituality BRIAN J. ZINNBAUER KENNETH I. PARGAMENT Religiusitas dan spiritualitas telah menjadi bagian dari pengalaman manusia di seluruh pelosok sejarah manusia. Crossing setiap kategori usaha manusia, mereka telah menjadi subyek dan obyek seni, musik, puisi, budaya, peperangan, inspirasi, aspirasi, pengorbanan, moralitas, pengabdian, kontemplasi, konflik, dan banyak sekali kegiatan manusia lainnya.  Selama 100 tahun terakhir fenomena ini telah diperiksa melalui lensa ilmu sosial . Pertanyaan awal dalam bidang psikologi yang dilakukan by scholars seperti William James (1902/1961), Edwin Starbuck (1899), G. Stanley Hall (1904, 1917), dan George Coe (1900). Dan meskipun jeda dalam penelitian tersebut selama pertengahan abad 20 (Hill et al., 2000), telah ada peningkatan ...

HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY--- RAYMONDF. PALOUTZIAN CRYSTALL. PARK (p.348-364) ************************************************************* 19 Mystical, Spiritual, and Religious Experiences RALPH W. HOOD, JR. The one undisputed classic in the field of psychology of religion isThe Varieties of Religious Experience (James, 1902/1985), a text that Miller and Thorensen (1999, p. 7) say might be titledThe Varieties of Spiritual Experienceif published today. It is worth emphasizing that the subtitle of this classic is "A Study in Human Nature" and that James claimed that the "root and centre" of personal religion is in mystical states of consciousness (1902/1985, p. 301). Thus psychologists ought to be interested in mystical, spiritual, and religious experiences insofar as they are part of human nature. Since there are major current reviews of the research on both mysticism (Hood, 2002b; Spilka, Hood, Hunsberger, & Gorsuch, 20...

Dari :  HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY--- RAYMONDF. PALOUTZIAN CRYSTALL. PARK (p.394-411) 22 Religion and Forgiveness MICHAEL E. MCCULLOUGH GIACOMO BONO LINDSEY M. ROOT The concept of forgiveness has gone from complete scientific obscurity as recently as 1980 to remarkable visibility in the first few years of the 21st century. The boom in forgiveness research can be appreciated by examining Figure 22.1, in which we have displayed the annual number of items catalogued in PsycINFO that include the word stem "forgiv*" in their abstracts (1980-2004). This figure clearly shows that whereas forgiveness was a psychological concept that received negligible empirical attention in the 1980s, social scientists have been producing scores of publications on the topic annually for the last several years. Psychologists have given sustained attention to several aspects of forgiveness, including (1) the development of reasoning about f...

23 Religion, Morality, and Self-Control Values, Virtues, and Vices ANNE L. GEYER ROY F. BAUMEISTER All known societies have moral rules that identify certain classes of action as right or wrong. In general, these moral rules condemn selfish, impulsive, shortsighted actions and instead promote acts that provide benefits in larger perspectives-for example, by being good for society as a whole or by bringing long-term gains. The capacity to make such choices is rare in nature and arguably uniquely human. From an evolutionary perspective, the capacity for moral thought and moral action may be uniquely human, which suggests that that capacity is a recent addition onto a psyche that in other respects resembles that of other animals, including being selfish, impulsive, and shortsighted. Put another way, human beings may have many tendencies and impulses that are similar to what most other animals have, but humans have also developed a capacity to restrain and override those t...

Di Translate oleh Mister google dari:  HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY--- RAYMONDF. PALOUTZIAN CRYSTALL. PARK p.460-478 25 Relationships of Religiosity and Spirituality with Mental Health and Psychopathology LISA MILLER BRIENS. KELLEY Tujuan bab ini adalah untuk menggambarkan cara di mana religiusitas dan spiritualitas berinteraksi dengan fungsi psikologis dan penyangga terhadap, atau memperburuk, penyakit mental. Dalam mengatasi agama dan kesehatan mental, penting untuk menyadari bahwa tidak adanya patologi tidak selalu berarti "kesehatan mental," juga tidak menjamin kebahagiaan atau optimis pandangan dunia, dua faktor bahwa kehidupan rohani sering imbues di penganutnya. Juga, keyakinan dan praktik yang mencirikan kehidupan rohani berfluktuasi selama umur, waxing (bertambah besar)  dan memudarnya dalam menanggapi keadaan hidup dan kemajuan pembangunan. Untuk alasan ini, hal ini berguna untuk memikirkan hubungan religiusitas terhadap k...